From underworlds to outerworlds - The Psychologist Magazine

In 2019, Nathan wrote an article for The Psychologist on how studies of people in underworlds might help us in our question to explore outerworlds.

“The term ‘underworld’ usually subsumes a negative meaning. Various definitions point towards the morbid and illicit nature of these lower regions. In ancient mythology, Hades was the god of the underworld, whose name eventually came to describe the home of the dead. Fast-forward several millennia and underworlds are now most commonly attributed to the social spheres in which criminal organisations go about their daily business. However, beyond these culturally and socially-defined hierarchies, there are many people actually living and working in literal and geographical underworlds. The study of these people will pave the way for humankind’s most daring voyage yet: an expedition into the ‘outerworld’. The goal? To stand on the surface of Mars and accelerate our transition to becoming a truly spacefaring interplanetary species.”

You can read the full article on The Psychologist website here: https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-32/october-2019/underworlds-outerworlds